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How to plan your IT Career after 8-10 years of experience – Mid Career crisis Management

by Sddharatha Joshi August 20, 2020
written by Sddharatha Joshi

For people in the IT industry who started their IT Career with technology, reaching the work experience range of 8-10 years is an important juncture.

At this stage, a decision has to be made.

The decision about whether you are interested to make a career in the management side, or you want to make Career progression on the technical side or you are looking for a techno-managerial role for the next phase of Career growth.

The reason for this juncture is the Organization’s needs and the Employee Career roadmap is aligned to these needs.

Typically, there are 4 paths available from this juncture

  1. Management/Delivery Roles – The organizations need people with technical experience to manage technical folks. So experienced people are moved into Management and Delivery Roles. The roles of Scrum Master, the Team lead, The project manager, The delivery manager fall in this space.
  2. Solution/System/Product Architect – There is also a need for senior technical experts to design the solutions, to architect the solutions. And so the Solution Architect/Solution designer role is also available at this stage. But the Solution design is a specialized area and one needs a different mental makeup to be in this space. Also, Solution designers are not needed in mass.
  3. Pre-sales – During the sales process, there is a need for a technical expert to assesses the fitment of Customer requirements and the product/solution capabilities. And so, pre-sales is a techno-managerial role available at this stage.
  4. Product Management roles – This role is applicable only in the product organizations. The purpose of this role is to ensure Product-market fit i.e there are customers ready to buy the product/service that is being developed. And various tools and techniques are used to achieve product-market fit.

So, how do you decide what path to choose?

The decision should be logical. To make the decision, your current strengths should be considered. The job market headwinds should be taken into account. Attention should be paid to your competition. Isn’t it.

The time-tested approach I recommend to make this decision is the SWOT analysis approach.

Let us see how SWOT Analysis can help us manage the mid-career crisis and enjoy Career growth…

  • Strength

Distill the work you have done till now and bring out your strengths.

Look at the toughest moments of your Career and how you sailed through them. Challenges are what brings the best out of us, the best that’s buried deep down. So go down the memory lane and dig out the challenges and the solution/approach you took to get out of them. They are your core strengths and skills. We are looking for them in this exercise.

List down your strengths. The strengths should be single words. They shouldn’t be long sentences.

As Marshall Goldsmith says, “What got you here will not get you there”.

In the next phase of your Career Journey, you would want to leverage your existing strengths, acquire new strengths, and grab the opportunity while tackling the threats. Isn’t it?

  • Weakness

Strengths and weaknesses are the 2 sides of the same coin. So when you are doing the exercise of figuring out your strengths, the weaknesses are peeping around. Grab them and list them.

To move to the next phase of Career growth, you would want to transform your weaknesses into strengths. This transformation is often easier than developing new strengths.

  • Opportunity
  1. Short term: In short terms, the opportunities are the immediate job opportunities available in the market. The Job portals are your best bet. Look for jobs aligned to your experience and see what skills are they looking for. If there is a skill gap, you have your task cut out to reskill/upskills and fulfill the skills gap.
  2. Future: Our world is constantly evolving and so we cannot afford to prepare ourselves only looking at the short term opportunities. To prepare for the future, you should read market reports, trends, and discover the new jobs that are coming up. These are the areas you want to focus on and make them your strengths.

Our 2 Free services

Skill Fitment Test and

Career Roadmap Service

are meant to help here. These services help you choose the right skills based on your experience and your area of interest. To recommend you the right skills, we analyze thousands of job openings across multiple roes.

  • Threat
  1. Technology: Is your job or some part of the job being( or will be) replaced by technology? The market study, office rumors, discussion with colleagues and some common sense can help you figure this out
  2. Not leveraging Strengths: If you are changing tracks and jumping in a new domain because your current domain or role is no longer required, you are probably in competition with folks less experienced then you. In this case, the skills are not the only deciding factor for the recruiter. Their salary, their family responsibilities, their need for work-life balance, etc can play a role in the job going to them. So you might not want to compete with them. You have the list of your strengths ready, so bring to play here. Show how your experience is still relevant to the job you are applying for.

By doing the SWOT analysis of your profile you will get a clear picture of your strengths and weaknesses. And when you know the Career paths available, you can figure which path is right for you. And now you are in a position to focus your time and energy to acquire the right skills that will strengthen your profile and make your future-ready.

Happy learning !!!

Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

August 20, 2020 0 comment
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CertificationsResearch ReportTips

What are the most in-demand IT certifications – Insights based on analysis of 16000 jobs

by Sddharatha Joshi July 27, 2020
written by Sddharatha Joshi

Due to the rapidly changing technology landscape, reskilling and upskilling is vital for Career progression. And to stand out in the job market, acquiring IT certification is a proven technique.

As per NASSCOM, there are 6 million IT professionals in India. This is 75% of the Digital talent across the globe.  The NASSCOM report also talks about the need for reskilling. As per the report, 70% i.e. 4-5 Million people of the Indian IT workforce needs to be reskilled.

To help you in your reskilling efforts, to help you plan the next IT certification you should acquire, we are happy to release our IT Certifications Research report. 

This report will help you to understand the

  1. Skill demand
  2. Under the skills for which IT certifications are in demand

And we believe these insights should help you to

  1. Plan your reskilling efforts
  2. Plan your investment in IT certifications.

The IT certification insights mentioned in the report are based on the analysis of thousands of jobs across various roles.

Our Research Dataset consisted of

  • Total jobs analysed – 16000+ jobs
  • Total roles – 34
  • Total unique skills, product names, certification names searched for – 2700+

The roles we looked are

Game Developer Devops Data warehouse
Android developer Data Scientist Front end developer
Robotics engineer Scrum iOS developer
Big data administrator Security analyst IoT
Block chain developer Cloud computing .net developer
Fullstack wedeveloper IT operations manager python developer
Security operations centre Site Reliability Engineer IT support
Animation developer Backend developer Penetration testing
JavaScript developer Digital Marketing Robotic Process Automation
Solution Architect Big data developer Test Automation
java developer Hybrid App developer IT asset management
SAP    

Key Research highlights

  1. 11% of the jobs we analysed asked for certification
  1. The top 5 Roles with Highest Certification Demand are
Penetration Testing
Security Operations Center (SOC)
Scrum
Security Analyst
Bigdata Administrator
  1. The top 10 IT certifications across all roles and experience rage are
CISSP
AWS
ITIL
CEH
Scrum
OSCP
Azure
PMP
CCNA
Agile

The detailed report consists of IT certifications across the experience range starting from 0 years to 12 years. The report is available for free download.

[sg_popup id=”709″ event=”click”]Sign up to Download[/sg_popup]

Happy Learning !!!

Image by Shahid Abdullah from Pixabay

Disclaimer

  • You must not rely on the information in the report as an alternative to [legal / career counseling/ career expert advice/[other]] advice from an appropriately qualified professional.  If you have any specific questions about any [ legal / career counseling/ career expert advice/[other] ] matter you should consult an appropriately qualified professional.”
  • Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing paragraph, we do not represent, warrant, undertake, or guarantee … that the use of the guidance in the report will lead to any particular outcome or result.”
  • We will not be liable to you in respect of any business losses, including without limitation loss of or damage to profits, income, revenue, use, production, anticipated savings, business, contracts, commercial opportunities or goodwill.
  • The detailed disclaimer is mentioned in the report

July 27, 2020 0 comment
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Top 10 IT skills of 2020 – Based on Analysis of 16k jobs

by Sddharatha Joshi July 7, 2020
written by Sddharatha Joshi

The need for Reskilling/Upskilling is at an all-time high. And the trends show that it is moving in an upward direction.

As per NASSCOM, 70% of the Indian IT workforce need to be reskilled. On the positive side, there is an expected increment in IT jobs. As per recent blog from Microsoft, 149 million new technology jobs are expected over the next 5 years. And they aim to help 25 million people acquire Digital skills.

It can be confidently concluded, by effectively reskilling, IT professionals can grab the emerging IT jobs and enjoy career growth.

At ThinkCerti, our single-minded focus is to help the IT professionals in their reskilling/upskilling journey.

We do this by providing personalized learning plans based on their current skills and interest. We have an edge here because our software is continuously analyzing the job market and the learning plans are created by an Algorithm. So our data is up to date and covers a wide range of technologies and roles.

In short, ThinkCerti is your virtual buddy to be contacted for Career planning.

This post is an Analysis report to discover the top 10 IT skills in 2020.

Research approach

  1. For the report, we analyzed 16k + IT jobs across 34 roles.  We picked these roles based on our own analysis and also inputs from LinkedIn Emerging jobs report 2020

The roles we scanned are

Game Developer Devops Datawarehouse
Android developer Data Scientist Front end developer
Robotics engineer Scrum ios developer
Bigdata administrator Security analyst iot
Blockchain developer Cloud computing .net developer
Full stack developer IT operations manager python developer
Security operations centre Site Reliability Engineer IT support
Animation developer Backend developer Penetration testing
javascript developer Digital Marketing Robotic Process Automation
Solution Architect Bigdata developer Test Automation
java developer Hybrid App developer IT asset management
SAP    
  1. From the job openings, we identified the skills. And then we found the top 10 skills which are asked in the maximum number of jobs.

And the top 10 skills are

1 java
2 javascript
3 python
4 agile
5 sql
6 aws
7 git
8 css
9 linux
10 html

And it all makes sense when we look at the research insights.

Research insights

  • Java is widely used in Enterprise software development
  • Java is used in Big Data too
  • Python is the top programming language right now. It is widely used in Data Science. Python is also used in Web Development
  • Agile is the preferred project tracking methodology these days
  • Aws is the learning cloud computing provider. And cloud computing is at the core of the modern digital applications
  • In the distributed working environment, version control is essential and so we see git in the list
  • Sql is the database of choice. Though nosql is quite hot too.
  • Web applications are a major user touch point. And Hybrid app technologies are powering developers to use web technologies to develop native mobile apps. The presence of javascript, html and css is no brainer.
  • For the software to run, we need a server with OS and Linux is OS of choice for servers.

Summary and Conclusion

The top 10 skills gives you an idea of what is in demand in the market. We could derive the following conclusion from the research report

  • The top 10 skills should be in the reskilling radar of all IT professionals.
  • If not expertise, having a basic understanding of the top 10 skills will fetch extra points to the resume.
  • Agile is used both in tech and non-tech project management. And so Agile should be one of the top 3 skills to be acquired.

If you are interested to know the personalized learning path based on your skillset and interest, visit here.

To know the skills you need to learn to grab one of the emerging jobs, take this free skill fitment test.

Happy learning!!!

Featured Image by Hans Braxmeier from Pixabay 

July 7, 2020 0 comment
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What is the impact of Covid-19 on IT Job Market

by Sddharatha Joshi July 4, 2020
written by Sddharatha Joshi

Covid-19 is one of its kind events. It has impacted every person on this planet. It has brought down the wheels of the economy to almost standstill state. And this has impacted the job market tremendously. People are losing jobs, the new recruitment is less and slow.

But it is a phase and it will pass too.

Let us take an analogy to understand this.

Understanding the COVID-19 impact

Imagine a busy highway. There are cars, buses, trucks, bikes, cycles moving on the highway at a good speed. And suddenly a huge speed breaker bumps up on the road.

Every vehicle is forced to brake to drive through the speed breaker.

Depending upon the vehicle type and the speed, some vehicles got skid, some vehicles have hit other vehicles, some vehicles managed to avoid any damage, bikers got injured as the bikes skid.

There is chaos all around.

After some time, every driver checks his/her fitness, the damage to the vehicle and starts to drive again. But the speed is very slow. And it will remain slow for some time till the other vehicles start moving and the road is cleared.

The speed breaker in the above example is the Covid-19. We all are trying our best to stay healthy and get back to normal. But the speed is slow and it is expected to be slow for some time. The “some time” could be a couple of months or couple of years based on the industry.

The Usage of technology during COVID-19 lockdown

If we analyze the reason for the survival of some of the businesses, it is Technology.

People have been working from home, the internet is flooded with online webinars, we have managed to stay in touch with each other, essential items were delivered using communication tools and apps. In short, technology has played a key role in ensuring our lives are not completely in a standstill state. At least, for some of us.

And this is good news for the IT job market.

Post lockdown situation – Getting back to normal

After the end of the lockdown, businesses will want to be prepared to handle COVID-19 like situations in the future. And it has been realized that technology is a helpful tool in such situations.

Hence, the investment in IT is expected to go up.

For example, online webinars and apps like Google classroom, Microsoft team, Zoom have helped the schools and colleges to carry on with academic work to some extent. And they would want to use some of the tools in the future also. The usage might not be as high as it was during the lockdown, but the usage will continue.

The SME segment, the schools, and colleges that were not using technology or whose technology usage was minimal will see technology as a tool that can help them have Business continuity and Business growth.

The technology investment theme for short-term post lockdown would be “Business Continuity”. And so we could be a spike in investments in 

  1. Automation tools and Digital Transformation tools
  2. BCP (Business Continuity Planning) solutions
  3. AI and ML

Conclusion and Recommendation

  • The slowdown is temporary.
  • If you are waiting for jobs, use this time to polish your skills. And be ready to grab the opportunities as soon as they start coming your way. 

To check your skills fitment to the trending roles in the IT industry, take this free Skill Fitment test.

Happy learning!!!

Featured Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

July 4, 2020 0 comment
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Job OpportunitiesReskilling techniquesSolution DesignTips

Solution Architect skills for designing Digital Solution

by Sddharatha Joshi June 28, 2020
written by Sddharatha Joshi

Software Development is all about building software that gets the job done. And the job that needs to be done is based on the real-world requirements.

The various stages of software development are captured in the software development life cycle(SDLC) framework. I know we use Agile/Scrum is more widely used these days.

I am referring to SDLC to talk about the various phases in software development. In Agile, we execute the SDLC phases iteratively in the form of a Sprint.

The Solution architect plays a vital role in the Software Design phase. And it can be said confidently that the software is as good as the design is.

The advent of technologies like Cloud, Dockers, Microservices, APIs has changed the approach used to software design.

The Goal

And through this post, we want to 

  1. Emphasize the significance of the role of a solution architect 
  2. And how to succeed as a Digital Solution architect. 

And to do this, we will

  1. Highlight the key aspects of the Digital solutions that help realize the Digital Transformation goals of the organizations
  2. Map the various solution architect skills to the Digital solution design aspects. 

A quick recap of Basics – What is Solution Design 

To do a job well, we need to get involved and use all our energies and skills in completing the job. The frameworks, models that we use in our work are tools that are meant to help us in this regard. They help us channelize our thoughts, force us to think from a certain perspective by throwing clues at us. The SDLC is one such model.  

Software Development Life cycle

Let us focus on the Design phase

In the Analysis phase, the Business Analyst captures the

Why, What, Whom, Where, Why not

aspects of the software.

The Business Analyst documents what needs to be done, why is it being done, who benefits from it and where is it applicable.

In the Design phase, we go a level deeper. We are moving from requirements/wishes to realization. And so you could say, in the design phase, the focus is on the

how and why not

part.

The goal of this phase is to come up with a solution design that has the following characteristics.

5 tenets of the Digital Solution design

Scalability

Goal

Scalability is all about the ability of the software to grow with the growing usage easily and effectively i.e. as the usage of the software grows, there is no

  1. compromise on the features or 
  2. the response of the software. 

Skills and tools

We achieve scalability by typically upgrading/increasing the hardware on which the software runs. The design of a scalable software will make use of the hardware as efficiently as possible.

The trending skills/techniques/approaches used in the design of scalable Digital solution are

  • Microservices 
  • Cloud-native, Hybrid cloud
  •  Using the marketplace concept

Maintainability

Goal

The goal here is that it should be easy and cost-effective to enhance and improve the software. Bug fixing, adding new features, extending an existing feature should be easy and shouldn’t cost a bomb.

Skills and tools

This is one area that has been thought about a lot. Maintainability has been the focus since the day software development started.

The typical approaches used for easy software maintenance are

  •  Use design concept like SOLID, OOPS
  • Use frameworks like TOGAF

Integration 

Goal

Integration is at the heart of Digital Transformation. We often see the availability of API is highlighted as a USP of the software. 

Typically, Businesses use multiple software to achieve business goals. And for seamless data movement, the various software should talk to each other. 

Hence, Digital software has to be designed such that it is relatively easy to extend the features and functionality by integrating with other software.

Skills and tools

For easy integration, the software is architected to support the typical integration methodologies like

  • REST APIs/ Web services – The widely used approach in these days
  • SOA/SOAP
  • Libraries and packages

Performance

Goal 

The solution could be easy on maintenance, is easy to integrate with, and is scalable. But if its performance is such that it looks like the user is being tested for patience, then the solution is not usable. The software should respond to user requests on time because this aspect of solution design is what the user is experiencing. The other aspects do not matter to the end-user.

Skills and tools

There are 2 key aspects of performance-driven solution design.

  • Clearly defined User experience performance KPIs – A clearly defined set of Application performance KPIs act as a guiding light for the solution design. This helps the solution architect to understand the numbers against which the solution will be measured. And a good Business Analyst will ask for these KPIs and document them.
  • Well designed solution – Hardware response, Network latency, and the Software define the performance of the software. And software is said to be designed for performance when all these aspects are considered in architecting the software.
  • The usage of Cloud platforms, Software design frameworks helps to some extent.
  • Performance testing is a must.

Security

Goal

Apart from the software performance, the other aspect that could make the software less usable is the Security. Security is essential from Regulatory bodies and Government perspective also. A security breach is an easy way to get negative PR an branding. The need for designing Secure software solutions is at an all-time high in the Digital world.

Skills and tools

The security compliance of software is dependent on the purpose of the software. A banking application has to be differently secured compared to a word scramble game.

  • OWASP  – OWASP is a non-profit organization that aims to make the software more secure. And so it releases a list of top 10 risks. A good Solution Architect would be aware of this and will design the software such that these risks are avoided. This is at the minimum. 
  • Use modern Authentication methods – the software should use modern authentication methods and protocols as authentication is one of the easy entry points for Cyber Attacks.

Digital Marketing (Optional)

Goal

Digital Marketing is a key aspect of any digital business. The solution that is expected to be on friendly terms with Search engines has to be designed keeping in mind the needs of Digital Marketing like Landing pages, On-page SEO, Dynamic and unique URLs (slug), etc.

Skills and tools

From a solution design perspective, the solution architect should take into consideration

  • Landing page needs and data would be served on these pages
  • On-page SEO and how the metadata would be served on the pages
  • Unique and Dynamic URL – This is applicable for e-commerce like a solution where new products and added by the user and each product needs to have a landing page. 

I hope this post helped you get an overview of the various skills, tools and techniques required in a solution architect to design Digital solutions.

Do let us know your feedback.

Happy learning !!!

credits

SDLC image – Cliffydcw / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)

Featured Image by StartupStockPhotos from Pixabay 

June 28, 2020 0 comment
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How Neural networks work – Internal working for Dummies

by Sddharatha Joshi June 15, 2020
written by Sddharatha Joshi

In my post last post, I have covered the  key points to understand neural network based on what I learnt in the Neural network and deep learning  Coursera course taught by Andrew Ng

In this post, the aim is to go deeper and understand the various internal components of a neural network. This post is written considering Neural network usage for Supervised learning.

The aim of the post is to

  1. Help non technical folks understand neural networks
  2. Explain the internal components of neural networks in simple language

A quick recap of the basics of Neural networks

Neural network is a technique used in Machine learning. In neural networks, multiple layers (stacked together) are used to process the input and understand what the input means. The presence of multiple layers helps in learning the underlying pattern in the training dataset better.

The layers are nothing but mathematical formulae of different types. And hence, a trained neural network is nothing but a neural network which has finalised values for various variables in the used in the mathematical formulae in the neural network. (To understand the basics of Neural network, do checkout my last post.)

With that summary in mind, lets proceed ahead.

Before we jump into the details of the neural networks, lets define the goal behind developing a Neural network.

The goal of developing a Neural network

Is to have an algorithm which can process the training set iteratively and understand the pattern from the training set. The pattern thus learnt defines the expected output of the training set.

This neural network can then be saved and used in further tasks like Prediction.

E.g. To develop a neural network to identify a cat as a cat from Cat pictures, we will say train the neural network on 1000 pictures of Cats.  During the training, the neural network will try to understand the pattern and conclude the values for the various algorithm variables. If this trained model is given a new picture of Cat, it will give an output of 1 (which means the input picture is of cat)

Lets proceed to the next step i.e to understand the internals of a Neural network.

What are the components of a neural network

The following are the internal components of a Neural network

  1. Layers
  2. Size of the layer
  3. Training dataset
  4. Layer variables/Algorithm variables/Neural network variables
  5. Learning process
  6. Activation function
  7. Forward propagation
  8. Cost function
  9. Gradient descent
  10. Backward propagation
  11. Update Algorithm variables
  12. Static variables
    1. Number of iterations
    2. Learning rate
The components of a neural network are 	A. Layers
	B. Size of the layer
	C. Training dataset
	D. Layer variables/Algorithm variables/Neural network variables
	E. Learning process
	F. Activation function
	G. Forward propagation
	H. Cost function
	I. Gradient descent
	J. Backward propagation
	K. Update Algorithm variables
	L. Static variables
		a. Number of iterations
		b. Learning rate
  • What is a layer in a neural network
    1. A neural network consists of more than 1 layers
    2. Each neural network layer is a collection of one or more neurons.
    3. A neuron can be defined as

Neuron = Processing formula (e.g Regression) + Neuron activation function

  1. The layers between the input and output are called as Hidden layers.
  2. In fact, in general the input and output layers are not considered as layers.
  3. Keep reading to know about Activation function
  • Size of the layer – Number of neuron in the layer

A neural network layer might have more than one neuron in a given layer. The number of units in a layer is known as the size of the layer.  The size of the layer is dependent on the complexity of the input data.

  • Input to a Neural network – the Training Dataset

The input to a neural network is a dataset called as Training set. The training set has the input data and also the expected output or meaning of the data.

For e.g the training set pertaining to say images of Cats will have the RGB profile of each frame as rows and also the label that this data is of Cat. A sample dataset is given below

Pixel profile Cat
[[1,0,0],[0,1,1]] 1
[[1,0,0],[1,1,1]] 0
  • Algorithm variables

The algorithm variables are the variables used in the mathematical formula of each neuron in the layers.

For e.g. if the neuron is using linear regression which has the formula

Z=W.X(transpose)+b

Then W and b are the layer variables. X is the input to the layer and Z is the output of the linear regression action.

And Z is then passed as an input to the activation function of the layer. The output of the activation layer is the input to the next layer.

W and b are initialized randomly for the first run, for all the layers.

Before the next iteration, the values of W and b are updated based on the calculation of the Gradient Descent. Keep reading to understand what is Gradient Descent.

  • How a neural network learns
    1. Iteratively process the training dataset
    2. Compare the neural network output to the expected output as per the training dataset.
    3. Find how far the neural network output is from the desired output
    4. And fine tune the neural network variables to minimize the gap.
  • What is an activation function

The output of a given layer depends upon the activation function used in the layer.

An activation function is a mathematical formula and it acts as a gate.

The purpose of this gate is to redirect the algorithm towards the desired output. Based on the input, the activation function calculates a value and is passed on to the next layer.  

Some of the common activation functions are Sigmoid, Relu, tanh

  • What is forward propagation

In the forward propagation, each layer of the neural network processes the training set and gives out an output. The output is compared to the actual desired output as per the training dataset. This is called as calculating Cost.

  • What is backward propagation

And in the backwards propagation, the learning process is executed in the backward direction.

In backward propagation, the difference between the input to a given layer and the output of the given layer is calculated.

We say it is backward propagation as we are comparing the algorithm output to the input to the last layer and continuing this calculation till we reach the first layer.

By doing this we have found the relation between the output and input of each layer and is stored.

For calculation, we use the Derivatives concept of calculus. You get to know the maths in details in the course.

  • What is a Cost function

The difference between the algorithm output and the desired output (as per the training dataset) is loss function for a given training example.

When the loss function is summed up for the entire training set, it is called as the called Cost function.

In simple words, the cost function tell you how far is the output of the neural network from the desired output for a given iteration considering all training example.

You want the cost to be minimal at the end of training of the model.

  • What is gradient descent

Gradient descent is the name of the approach taken to update the algorithm variables.

After completing the backward propagation, we know the different between the expect output and the output of the algorithm for each layer.

Using this information, we want to change the algorithm variables so that the difference is reduced. This approach of changing the algorithm variables values using data from backward propagation is known as Gradient descent.

Graphically, it is like moving down from top position (which is high gap between algorithm output and the actual output) to the ground position (the algorithm output is equal to the expected output).

How fast or slow do we roll down this slope is controlled by a static variable called as Learning rate.

  • Update Algorithm variables

The output of the backward propagation layer is multiplied by the learning rate to get the new algorithm variable values to be used in the next iteration. 

The formula is  –

New variable value for the given layer = old variable value for the given layer  - learning rate * variable value from the backward propagation for the given layer

  • What are the static variables that control the neural network
    1. The first static variable is the Learning rate. It is defined by the Data Scientist. Learning rate is used in gradient descent to decide by what size, should the values of the algorithm variables ( in this post, W and b) be updated. If the learning rate is too high, the neural network might not learn enough. And if the learning rate is low,  the neural network algorithm might never complete learning process. The learning rate decides at the jump between or the difference between the values of variable in 2 consecutive iterations. 
    2. In a single iteration of Forward propagation and Backward propagation, the neural network might not be trained well enough. Hence. these 2 steps are repeated multiple times. This is called as Number of Iterations and is another static variable set by the Data Scientist.

Training the neural network is all about updating these variables iteratively such that the output of the trained model is satisfactory (the gap between expected out an the algorithm output is minimal)

Putting it all together – The flow of the Neural Network training

In each iteration,

  1. Initialize the algorithm variables for all the layers randomly if it is the first iteration
  2. In the forward propagation
    • The neural network will process the training set
    • Each layer will process the training set and output is passed on to the next layer based on its activation function.
    • The loss for each layer is computed and stored in memory (cache).
  3. Calculate the cost function as the sum of loss function for all the layers. This is required to know if the algorithm is learning anything.
  4. Start the backward propagation to know the relation between output and input of each layer. The processing starts from the last layer and goes till the first layer.
  5. Start the gradient descent – update the algorithm variables using the learning rate and the output of the backward propagation step. We call it gradient descent as we use a derivative of the output of the backward propagation step to calculate the new values for the algorithm variables.
  6. Repeat the iteration with the new algorithm values. After each iteration, if the algorithm is learning the cost function value should keep on decreasing.
  7. After exhausting the number of iteration, check accuracy
    • This is calculated by comparing the output of the algorithm to the actual output for a given number of test examples.
How Neural networks work

At the end of the iterations, we expect to have a model which is able to predict the output of a test data satisfactorily. This is called as Trained model.

The trained model can saved and can be used for prediction in next jobs.

Hope reading this post has helped you in understanding the internal working of neural networks. Do share your feedback in the comments…

Happy learning!!!

June 15, 2020 0 comment
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Reskilling techniquesTips

It is easy to remember what you have learnt. Focus on this 1 aspect

by Sddharatha Joshi May 26, 2020
written by Sddharatha Joshi

Thanks to the rapidly changing technology, everything around is changing. And so the need to reskill/upskill is at all time high. Everybody in the work force, across all levels has to reskill.

But the challenge of learning something new is that you tend to forget what you have learnt if you don’t get to practice/use it.

So is there something that can be done?

Such that the knowledge loss is reduced during the time period between the moment you learn something and till the time you get to use it practically.

I want to present a solution in this regards in this post.

We cannot replace the hands-on experience or practice, and so you could say the solution I present in this post is partial.

The seeds of the solution were sowed during one of my interactions with the TPO Mr. Harshit Desai of MIT-Design school, Pune.

He has been a great support and mentor to me. During the interaction, I had asked him “Design is a very creative thing, how can you teach it to somebody?”.

His answer was that though creativity cannot be taught, we can teach certain concepts such that the mind is trained, triggered to think from a certain perspective.

The answer made a lot of sense, and so I kept thinking about it and the other aspects of learning and the result is this post.

Lets start our journey be defining the end goal of any learning.

The end goal of learning is to gain expertise.

What is Expertise

When we say I know “something”, I am learning “something” what we mean to say is that we are building/working on the following 3 things about the “something”

  1. Perspective
  2. Know-how of tools and techniques
  3. Experience

These 3 aspects are the crux of every learning exercise, every teaching exercise or in short of Expertise. We will discuss each of them to build our solution.

What is Expertise

Perspective

To learn “something” which is new to us, we have to develop the perspective about that “something”.

When we say building a perspective, what we mean is that we focus on

Why

what 

E.g If I am learning AI, I should understand  – what is AI, why AI is so hot in the market, why is it used, why AI is it hot now? Why organizations are interested in using AI and so on.

Or say you are learning Music (even just for fun), understanding the fundamentals of Music theory helps in learning tunes and playing them. Isn’t it?

Basically, in this phase, we are focussing on the fundamentals and thus we are laying the foundation of our learning. We are understanding the needs and benefits of our investment in learning.

In simple words, gaining perspective is like learning English Alphabets. Once we know the Alphabets, the next step would be to learn grammar and then we can use English language knowledge to write blogs, poetry, fiction, non-fiction or work emails or simply use it to communicate. The choice is yours.

Know-how tools of tools and techniques

With the foundation set, we jump into the next step which involves learning the actual tools and techniques.

In this phase, the focus in on

How

If we relate this phase to the analogy of learning English language, this phase is all about learning English grammar.

It is very easy to measure what we learn in this phase and so very easy to show it and talk about it. Hence, we tend to focus more on this “How” part compared to the “what” and “why”.

And this biased focus on “How” is the reason why we tend to forget what we have learnt if there is no opportunity to use it.

Focussing only on “How” part is like constructing a building without a foundation (which is the perspective part). Without the perspective set, we have to use brute force to learn tools and techniques. And the brute force is memorization. There are no new or very few new connections made in our brain.

Whereas, if the perspective is set, we are using our intelligence to understand the tools and techniques.  And our memory is simply helping in this  intelligence driven learning exercise. That is, we are building new connections in our brain and the new connections tend to remain as it is longer.

Experience

The third part in the journey of learning is the “Experience”.

Experience is gained over time.  Experience helps us understand the contextual aspects like

When

Why not

Where

Whom

Comparing to our analogy of learning English language, Experience is learning what it takes to write good blogs, good poetry, good email and so on.

It is all about enhancing the perspective by learning from experience such that you are able to

  1. Put your knowledge of tools and techniques to the best use and for best outcome.
  2. Guide juniors to get work done
What is the benefit of learning

During our academics, our trainings, to add a dash of experience to our learning journey, we work on live projects, capstone projects or do internship and so on.

The solution to remember what you have learnt

When we say we have forgot what we have learnt,  we are saying that we have forget the know-how of tools and techniques.

And this happens because we did not get the opportunity to build experience.

Hence our solution has to be based on the only aspect we are left with i.e Perspective.

Typically, we are measured and ranked on the knowledge of tools and techniques and this forced the perspective to take a back seat.

By spending time to build perspective,

  1. We understand the fundamentals
  2. Build new connections in our brain

Now, lets say we get an opportunity to use what we have learnt after 2 years. We still have got something in our minds to start with. It is not as if you are completely lost. That’s better than starting from scratch isnt it. We have got some ROI on our past investment in learning.

Hope this post helps you in your reskilling and upskilling journey. Do let us know what you think of this solution. Happy to discuss ideas and solutions for effective reskilling…

Featured Image by Free-Photos from Pixabay

May 26, 2020 0 comment
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Reskilling is Easy. Just Get the right Information and the Motivation

by Sddharatha Joshi May 19, 2020
written by Sddharatha Joshi

To carry on with our jobs, we need certain skills and these skills are broadly categorized into 

Core Technical skills

Domain related skills

Personal skills like Communication, Analytical skills etc

The technical skills and Domain skills demand is changing rapidly due to changes in the fundamental technologies. 

For example, 

  1. Instead of setting up a Data center for Computing resources, Organizations are going for Cloud computing. 
  2. The Marketing department has to get used to Data Science visualization/analysis tools as Data Science is getting widely used in understanding Customer behavior, Customer segmentation.
  3. Data Science is the strategy of every organization and so Data Science related skills are in demand.
  4. Every organization wants to be on top of Customer experience and for this they need to deploy features/bug fixes faster and hence they are adapting DevOps. So DevOps is an essential skill.

And this job market change is forcing professionals to reskill/upskill to stay relevant in the job market or they will be in the not so good situation of potential job loss.

We all know this. We know that we have to reskill/upskill and why it is important. The question that remain unanswered or hazy is the “how” part.

How to reskill/upskill effectively

The pace at which the technology is changing and the daily work routine could make reskilling a challenge for IT professionals, for all of us. And the challenge is due to lack of

  • Right information
  • Motivation
  • Time

The availability of Right information and Motivation go hand in hand. If the information and motivation aspects are sorted, we all are well equipped to take out time for our Career growth. If we cant find motivation and time, we will be forced to find time due to threat of job loss or use free time after job loss. Thats not where we want to go.

Coming back to our discussion, as a job seeker, if I am investing time and money in reskilling, I want it to boost my career growth. 

And for this, knowing what are the right skills to learn considering my current work experience is important. 

Along with the right skills to learn, if there is visibility about the future ready job opportunities, it kicks in the motivation. The uncertainty about what after I reskill/upskill is gone.

The effective Reskilling/Upskilling solution

With this understanding of the challenge of reskilling, we started to think about a solution. And we realized that Career guidance is the answer. 

Get the right information to trigger motiavtion

But because we are talking about technology which is changing at a rapid pace, the Career guidance should be able to keep up with the pace. And this can happen only if we also use technology to provide Career guidance.

And the result of leveraging technology for Career guidance is our product – ThinkCerti.

At ThinkCerti, we keep on analysing job openings and keep on understanding the skill demand.

To provide Career guidance, the system simply needs to know your Current skills and/or your area of interest. We then match your skills and interest to the futuristic role and let you know the best job opportunities for you. For each role, we showcase the skill gap, if any and show case the relevant courses to help you fill the skill gap. 

In short, we bring together the jobs, the courses and map it to your skill set to help the professionals figure out the Career pathways and what you need to learn. 

So, what are you waiting for, take your Career to the next level – Find out your Career roadmap on www.thinkcerti.com

Featured Image by Pavla Kozáková from Pixabay

May 19, 2020 0 comment
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An analysis of the the Indian IT Job market

by anshuman@thinkcerti.com May 16, 2020
written by anshuman@thinkcerti.com

Understanding the changing Job Market

Agility is what defines the Business in the Digital world. Agility in adapting to changing Market conditions, Agility in adapting to changing customer needs, Agility in adapting to the changing demographics forms the core of any Business strategy.

And this agility is being made possible by modern technologies like Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, DevOps etc.

It is no rocket science to understand that as the organizations adapt these emerging technologies, they will need professionals who are experts in these technologies. This fundamental understanding sets the context to discuss the job market. 

A look at Indian IT Industry

As per NASSCOM, 

  1. There are 6 mn IT professionals in Indian IT industry.
  2. We have 75% of the global Digital Talent.  That is the biggest digital talent pool in the world.
  3. 70% or 4-5 Mn of these IT professionals need to be reskilled.

As per AICTE India Skills 2019 report, 

  1. Indian IT industry could add 2.5 to 3 million new jobs provided people are rightly skilled/re-skilled.
Analysis of the Indian IT Job market

According to PwC’s latest CEO survey, 

  1. 38% of CEOs globally say they’re extremely concerned about the availability of key skills as a threat to business growth

So the mood in the IT industry is to find ways and means to reskill/upskill the workforce. 

The emerging technologies can drive business growth if there is rightly skilled workforce or else the same technology could become the reason for the Business closure. 

Featured Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

May 16, 2020 1 comment
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What is Site Reliability Engineering and why is it an Emerging job

by anshuman@thinkcerti.com May 15, 2020
written by anshuman@thinkcerti.com

The Site reliability Engineer is one of the top roles as per the Linkedin Emerging Jobs report 2020.

And the reason for this is the Digital Transformation.

Business across the globe are looking to go Digital so that their Business becomes efficient and agile. Going Digital means using the the latest technologies like Cloud computing, DevOps, AI/ML, Mobile apps and Web apps etc.

As more an more Businesses go online, we need IT professionals who can ensure the Systems that power the Online Presence of the Business in always up and running.

In this post, we aim to understand

  1. What is the role of a Site Reliability engineer
  2. What the skill set of a Site Reliability Engineer
  3. Who are better suited to become Site Reliability Engineer

What is the role of a Site Reliability engineer(SRE)

As per Google, in Site Reliability Engineering the system operations job is treated as a software  problem. The exact definition as per Google

“SRE is what you get when you treat operations as if it’s a software problem. Our mission is to protect, provide for, and progress the software and systems behind all of Google’s public services — Google Search, Ads, Gmail, Android, YouTube, and App Engine, to name just a few — with an ever-watchful eye on their availability, latency, performance, and capacity.”

You can visit this link to know more about what Google think is SRE.

In simple words, the role of a site reliability engineer is to ensure the site is up and running. And the site comprises of the software and the underlying hardware. You could say this is the new age name for the System Administrator or SysOps role.

The point is, why give a new name to this role. The reason is the tools and techniques used. The Site reliability engineering is a more sophisticated approach to the Systems administration job.

From the definition of the SRE above, the key words are

Software and system

availability, latency, performance, and capacity

And we will proceed ahead based on these key words.

What is Site Reliability Engineering

What is the skill set of a Site Reliability engineer

System

The system or the infrastructure in this case could be private cloud, public cloud or the servers in data centers. A Site Reliability engineer works to ensure the systems are

  • always available,
  • the latency is within the acceptable levels,
  • the performance is as per the SLA and
  • the Capacity usage is within the acceptable thresholds.

So, a Site Reliability should have the expertise of Server technologies, Cloud platform, expertise in using tools/techniques to measure latency, SLA, monitor capacity usage etc.

Software

DevOps is the new age methodology followed to deploy software on the systems. And hence it makes sense for a Site Reliability Engineer to be aware of the DevOps concepts and tools.

We have analysed thousands of jobs and per this analysis, the top 10 skills for a Site Reliability engineer are

#python   #java   #linux   #aws   #devops   #agile   #unix   #sql   #docker   #chef  

You can find the complete skill set of Site Reliability engineer here.

Who are better suited to become Site Reliability Engineer

By looking at the skill set of a Site Reliability engineer, a large part of this question is already answered. People who know some or all of the top skill listed above are best suited to become a Site Reliability Engineer.

Still, to define the specific roles, it can be said that the IT professionals who are currently in the following roles can become Site Reliability Engineers.

  • System Administration(Sysops)
  • IT operations
  • Server Administration
  • DevOps Professional who want to try out something new

Of course, they will have to undergo reskilling and upskilling to learn the new skills like docker, aws and devops (if not already known). We do not mean to say  that others cannot become Site Reliability Engineer. You can acquire the right skills and become whatever you want.

The goal of ThinkCerti is to help you find the Emerging jobs aligned to your current skills set and experience so that you can achieve Career growth and the return on your investment in reskilling/upskilling is maximum. And this article is part of the series that we are doing to cover the Emerging jobs in IT Industry and the skill set required.

We are happy and eager to know your feedback. Do let us know your feedback using the comments section…

Happy learning!!!

May 15, 2020 0 comment
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